A Trip to the Theatre

 March 30th 2025 was Mothering Sunday, otherwise known as Mother's Day. A time for children everywhere to show their appreciation and love for their mothers, moms, mamas, mommas, mummies, mums, mummys, mams, etc.

With our children being either on holiday (USA and Japan), some distance away (Reading and London) or otherwise engaged (family birthday trip to the West Midlands Safari Park), Mary & I took ourselves off to the theatre; the Malvern Theatres, to be precise, to see a show called Earnest. Based on Oscar Wilde's 'The Importance of Being Earnest', this madcap version involves lots of audience participation. No spoilers, however! Go see it for yourself.


It was warm and sunny, so we spent a couple of hours on the nearby Malvern Hills, either picnicking or walking. We parked in the Gardiner's Quarry Car Park (other car parks are available) from which there is a moderately steep climb (Photo 1) up to the backbone (ridge) of the Malvern Hills 

Photo 1: Climbing up to the Top Path

From the ridge, there are magnificent views looking west towards the undulating hills of Herefordshire ...

Photo 2: Looking West over Herefordshire

... or east over the wide flat floodplain of the River Severn ...

Photo 3: Westwards over the flat River Severn Floodplain

Looking southwards, the Iron Age hillfort known as the Herefordshire Beacon can be seen (Photo 4Photo 5) ...

Photo 4: Herefordshire Beacon I

Photo 5: Herefordshire Beacon Iron Age Hill Fort

We will be returning to the Malvern Hills when the bluebells are out.

Thank you to all the mothers out there.

Start of the 2025 Kitchen Garden Season #4

 In Part 1, I described the setting up of my indoor heated propagator (20 - 23 ℃) to start the germination process for cucumbers, tomatoes, sweet peppers, aubergines and courgettes.

Photo 1: Indoor Heated Propagator

Once the seeds have germinated and appear above soil level, they can be moved to a cooler climate (18 ℃ in our reserve kitchen) with plenty of daylight to encourage growth (a daylight lamp can help with this).

I sow cucumber, tomato, aubergine and pepper seeds in individual pots or cells filled with coir-based seed compost. A few days after the seedlings appear, I transfer them to larger pots filled with potting or multi-purpose compost (Photo 2). Many gardeners recommend waiting for the first true leaves to appear before potting on. This is fine if you have plenty of growing space but that is a luxury I do not have. Using two fingers, I scoop out the seedling, with as much seed compost as I can, and transfer to a 9 cm pot half-filled with coir-based potting compost before topping up with more potting compost. This technique allows me to pot on the seedling without having to touch it - thereby avoiding any damage that might kill or halt its growth.

Photo 2: Seedlings Sown in Individual Cells

The potted-on seedlings then need to be well-watered and grown-on indoors (at about 18 ℃) until the weather warms up sufficiently to move them to the polytunnel (mid-April onwards).

Setting up a self-watering system indoors means I only need to check on the seedling every two or three days. You can buy simple self-watering trays but it is very easy to create your own. All you need to do is make a raised platform inside a tray and cover the platform with capillary matting.

First, find a suitable sized tray; for example, a 100 cm by 40 cm garden tray designed for use with grow bags. For the platform, I use some anti-climb plastic spikes designed to deter cats and other 'pests' from using walls/fences to access your property. In my experience, they don't work on cats; our local felines seem quite happy walking over the spikes with no obvious discomfort!

When placed upside down in the tray, the plastic spikes make a stable raised platform (Photo 3) with a small gap at one end.

Photo 3: Raised Platform in Garden Tray

Cut a piece of capillary matting to fit the tray, wet thoroughly and place over the platform area. A short length of matting should extend from the platform into the bottom of the tray (Photo 4).

Photo 4: Self-Watering Tray Ready to Receive Plant Pots, Seed Trays, etc

Fill the tray with clean water and add plants pots, seed trays, etc (Photo 5). Top up with water every 2- 3 days.

Photo 5: Heated Propagator and Self-Watering Tray




Start of the 2025 Kitchen Garden Season #3

 It is 21st March and the weather has warmed sufficiently to plant out the seed potatoes and onion sets. The weather forecast indicates a low probability of frost.

Potatoes - I'm planting 'Premiere' this season as they yielded a good crop of largely disease free tubers when I last used this variety in 2023. My kilogram of seed potatoes comprised 12 tubers which were laid out in trays to chit about 3 weeks ago.

This year I decided to dig out a trench (or two) for the seed potatoes as there were only 12 tubers to plant (two short rows of six). I used a different technique last year, because there were more spuds to plant, and that also worked very well. After placing the seed potatoes approximately 30-35 cm apart in the bottom of the trench (Photo 1), I then infilled with coir compost recovered from Veg/Salad Planters (Photo 2).

Photo 1: Spade-wide Trench, Tubers 30 cm Apart

Photo 2: Trench in-filled with Recovered Coir

Finally, the soil dug out of the trench was used to earth up the potato rows (Photo 2). I usually scatter recovered coir compost around the kitchen and flower gardens but using it as an infill seems a good and practical idea.

The previous day I had planted out the onion sets (Red Baron). This variety always seems to grow and store well so was an easy choice.

Photo 3: Red Baron Onion Sets

Firstly, I turned over the soil (lightly dug, about half a spade's depth) removing weeds and breaking up any compacted soil areas. Three of my four plots are shown in Photo 4; I follow a 4-year crop rotation plan. The nearest plot is largely for brassicas, the middle plot is mainly potatoes and sweetcorn, and I will be growing onions, garlic and root vegetables in the top plot. Currently, the top plot has a crop of field beans (aka broad beans) grown as a cover/green manure crop. These were planted in October/November; I haven't decided yet whether to let them flower and collect/eat the beans. As there is still room to plant the onion sets to the left of the beans, I can procrastinate on this decision.

Photo 4: Lightly Dug Plots

Onions from sets is one of the easiest crops to grow. The lightly dug over soil was raked to provide a level and moderate tilth before pushing the onion set gently into the soil surface (about 10 cm apart) in rows (15 cm between rows) - Photo 5.

Photo 5: Onion Sets Planted and Watered

Finally, the sets were watered in using left-over nutrient solutions from a recently emptied Salad/Veg Planters (Photo 6) ...

Photo 6: Residual Nutrient Solution from Last Season's Veg/Salad Planter

March, this year, has been very dry (6.4 mm rainfall up to 26th) as shown in Figure 1 (21st March marked). With two weeks of no rain prior to planting out the onion sets, it was necessary to water them in.

Figure 1: March 2025 Rainfall (mm) up to 27th of the Month

Finally, the recently washed insect mesh was erected around the onion/bean plot to ward off cats who like to leave their calling cards on freshly dug soil. Originally, the insect barrier was to reduce carrot fly attack though I no longer grow carrots because they don't do well here.

Start of the 2025 Kitchen Garden Season #2

Due to a lack of diligence and conscientiousness on my part, there are a few essential and important jobs that need to be completed prior to the new season. Some, if not all, of these jobs could have been done at the end of the previous growing season in October/November. Somehow, I seldom find the time to do them in the autumn.

Task #1: Empty all the Quadgrow and Veg/Salad Planters of last year's coir-based compost (Photo 1)  ...

Photo 1: Last Year's Veg/Salad Planter (Lettuce, Salad Leaves and Radish)

Task #2: Clear out the polytunnel, wash down all the surfaces with Citrox P and fumigate with garlic candles (Photo 2) ...

Photo 2: Polytunnel Before Cleaning (22nd March 2025)

Task #3: Clean equipment, pots, trays, mats, hosta haloes, insect mesh barriers, Quadgrows, etc with Citrox P

Progress (as of 22nd March)

Task #1: I have emptied about half of the ten Veg/Salad Planters (Photo 3) but haven't started on the four Quadgrow Planters ...

Photo 3: Emptied Veg/Salad Planter with Wicks Left to Dry

Task #2: Will start clearing and cleaning the polytunnel once I've emptied all the Quadgrows and Veg/Salad Planters (see Photo 2).

Task #3: Most of the plant pots, trays, etc have been washed in Citrox P, dried and stored away. The insect mesh used to surround the 'onion patch' was looking a little grubby ...

Photo 4: Last Year's Onion Patch and Protective Insect Mesh

Photo 5: Soiled Insect Mesh

I prepared 30L of a 1:150 dilution of Citrox P in hot water ...

Photo 5: Citrox P
.
... to part-fill a 75L trug before immersing the insect mesh and leaving for a minimum of 30 minutes ...

Photo 6: Insect Mesh Soaking in Citrox P Solution

... after which it was left to dry on the patio (no need to rinse). The same Citrox P solution was then used to wash some Hosta Haloes (foreground of Photo 4) and plant pots.

Note 1: Old roots and stems recovered from the Veg/Salad Planters were shaken to remove excess soil and plonked straight into the hot composting bins.

Photo 7: Old Roots for Hot Composting

Note 2: The hot water used for preparing the Citrox P bath (Photo 6) was carbon neutral and free. It was a bright sunny day and my two rooftop solar water heating units (Photo 8) were producing no-cost carbon-free hot water.

Photo 8: Rooftop Solar Water Heating Units




























Start of the 2025 Kitchen Garden Season #1

  Now Spring has finally sprung, I can get enthused about this year's work in the kitchen garden. Encouragement came in the form of the warmest day of the year (21 ℃) so far on 20th March (Figure 1) ...

Figure 1: Daily Maximum Temperatures (1/1/25 - 21/3/25) for Hereford

... though not the suuniest; that was two days earlier on the 18th March (Figure 2) ...

Figure 2: Daily Solar Radiation (1/1/25 - 21/3/25) for Hereford

 Seeds, onion sets, seed potatoes and strawberry plants were ordered January and we picked up some coir compost a few days ago. The seed potatoes (Premiere) have been chitting for a few weeks and the onion sets (Red Baron) arrived at the end of last week. The start of 2025 has been unusually cold (Figure 1); thirteen air frosts in January, five in February and ten in March (up to the 20th). As a general rule, the last frost dates for Hereford are middle-to-late April though we did have an air frost in the middle of May 2020 and lots of cold/cool nights in April 2021 (with 8 air frosts). I usually wait until the beginning of March before sowing vegetable seeds, just to be on the safe side. So I'm already 3 weeks behind!! In my defence, I have the logistical problem of trying to co-ordinate the growing process (sowing, pricking out, transplanting, hardening off and, finally, planting out) with family visits and holidays while still keeping one eye on the weather (current & forecast).

Meanwhile, Mary has emptied, cleaned and restocked the greenhouse ...

Photo 1: Greenhouse - Clean & Tidy

The greenhouse is usually a no-go area for me since Mary purloined it for the growing of garden flowers. I did, however, manage to borrow a little temporary space, on the left hand bench, to pot on my recently arrived strawberry plants (Malling Champion) and garlic cloves (Mersley Wight). The greenhouse has a small electric heater to keep it frost-free with additional help from horticultural fleece when sub-zero temperatures are forecast.

Photo 2: Malling Champion Strawberry Plants

Photo 3: Mersley Wight Garlic

I have to retire to our spare kitchen in the annexe (which doubles up as my citizen science laboratory when we don't have guests) to sow my vegetable seeds. Here I can set up my heated propagator and daylight growing lamp (the lamp isn't required for germination but will come into its own once the green shots have appeared).

Photo 4: Heated Propagator and Daylight Growing Lamp

The temperature control on the propagator is a bit coarse, with no indication of the temperature setting, so I always set it using a thermocouple thermometer (Photo 5). Other means of temperature measurement are available. I set the temperature between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃ which is ideal for germinating cucumbers, tomatoes, sweet and chilli peppers, and aubergines (Photo 4).

Photo 5: Thermocouple Thermometer Used to Set and Monitor Propagator Temperature

Episode #2 coming soon ...

Cherry Blossom Time

 I was prompted to write this post when this item arrived in my inbox. Our son & daughter-in-law should have flown from Heathrow today (21st March) on a work trip to three of the destinations mentioned by Tripadvisor (Tokyo, Kyoto and Seoul). Following the sudden shut down of Heathrow Airport, the trip might not happen as planned unless they can find an alternative flight plan.

Of course, you don't have to travel halfway across the planet to see cherry blossom. Here are a couple of photographs recently taken in our back garden ...

Photo 1: Cherry Blossom in the Garden (20th March 2025)

Photo 2: Cherry Blossom in the Garden (20th March 2025)

And here is a picture of the 'tree' itself ...

Photo 3: Kojo-no-mai Cherry 'Tree'

Cherry trees are popular in England as garden and street trees, though impressive displays, such as those found in Japan, are a bit harder to find. Here is a list of recommended places in the UK where you can enjoy the cherry blossom season.


Carnivorous Bog Plants - Sundew

 We have a small collection of carnivorous bog plants planted up in nutrient-free coir medium in a Greenhouse Sensation Veg/Salad Planter (small). I have posted about various iterations of the bog garden here, here, and here. It seems that the Veg/Seed Planter is no longer available which is a shame. In any case, I last wrote about the current bog garden in May 2024 when we added a sundew plant to the existing pitcher plants. The advantage of the Veg/Salad Planter, apart from its water reservoir that keeps the growing medium wet, is that it includes some clear perspex sides and a lid to convert it to a small greenhouse. This provides some protection from sub-zero temperatures in winter.

Photo 1: Bog Garden (March 2025)

While the pitcher plants are looking rather sad (they should recover with fresh growth), the sundew plant in the middle of the bed is looking good and ready for action ...

Photo 2: Sundew Plant Showing Sweet Sticky Lures (20th March 2025)

The dew-like secretions on the leaves have two properties: sweet-tasting to lure in the prey and stickiness to hang on to it. Separate glands then release enzymes to digest the prey and the resultant 'nutrient soup' is absorbed by the plant. Here is a short You Tube video that explains the process.

Video 1: How Sundew Plants Operate

The recent warm weather (it was 21 ℃ in the garden today) means there are plenty of flies and midges around for the sundew plant to feast upon.

View from the Rear Window - August 2024

 August - named after Emperor Augustus in 8 BC (BCE), it was originally the sixth month (Sextilis) of the 10-month Roman Calendar before January and February were added.

Garden photo taken on 9th August. Lush greens and the roses in full flower. Gazebo still up following Mary's 70th birthday celebrations.

Photo 1: Looking over the Back Garden (9th August 2025)

Daily garden photos for August can be viewed in Video 1.

Video 1: Daily Photos of the Rear Garden - August 2024

Overall, August was not a bad month. Generally dry and warm if not particularly hot or sunny. Weather stats for our Hereford garden are summarised in the table below.

August 2024

Weather Parameter

Value

Dates

Average Monthly Temperature 

18 oC


Maximum Monthly Temperature

30 oC

11th

Minimum Monthly Temperature

8 oC

17th, 30th

Number of Air Frost Days

0



Number of Hot Days (> 25 oC)

8


Monthly Precipitation

14.0 mm


Greatest 24 h Precipitation

3.4 mm

13th - 14th

Number of Dry Days

18


Monthly Sunshine Hours (estimated)

159



Highest Wind Speed

47 km/h

23rd

Heating Degree Days

63.6


Cooling Degree Days

41.6



First half of the month was warm (Figure 1) with both sunny and cloudy days (Figure 2). Temperature and sunshine levels both dropped in the final two weeks of August. Hereford caught the edge of Storm Lilian (23/24th) with about 5 mm rain over the two days (note: the high rainfall at the rhs of Figure 4 was in September).

Figure 1: Min/Max Daily Temperatures for August 2024

Figure 2: Rainfall & Sunshine for August 2024

With weather data for the past five August months (2020 - 2024), we can start to look for trends, albeit not with high confidence over such a short period. August 2020 was unusually hot and sunny (Figure 3 & Figure 4) but that doesn't hide a general upward trend in monthly maximum temperatures. Conversely, nighttime (daily minimum) temperatures are trending downwards. Overall, the monthly mean temperatures have stayed remarkably constant (Figure 3).
Figure 3: Temperature Data for August (2020 - 2024)

Low rainfall is the norm for August in Hereford (Figure 4) with August 2020 a strong outlier. Sunshine levels have remained fairly constant with the exception of 2022.
Figure 4: Rain, Wind & Sunshine Trends for August (2020 - 2024)

The next three figures are taken from the UK Met Office's monthly report for August 2024. The location of Herefordshire is marked with the City of Hereford in the centre of the county.

While eastern and southern England (excluding the south-west) enjoyed above average temperatures in August, the rest of the country, including Hereford, had to make do with just average temperatures (Figure 5). 

Figure 5: UK Mean Temperature Anomalies for August 2024

The west of Scotland had a very wet August while England, including Hereford, had very little rain (Figure 4Figure 6).
Figure 6: UK Rainfall (relative) for August 2024

Sunshine was in short supply during August apart from East Anglia, NE England, the east coast of Scotland and, somewhat anomalously, Anglesey off the north Wales coast. Sunglasses and parasols were not required attire in Hereford!!

Figure 7: UK Sunshine Hours (relative) for August 2024

Jobs in the Garden
  • Harvesting cucumbers (14), tomatoes (2.2 kg), French beans (3 kg), courgettes/marrows (13 kg), celery, chard, spinach, sweetcorn (28, freeze), sweet peppers (0.5 kg), potatoes (3 kg), broad beans (1 kg), salad leaves/radish, blackberries (0.2 kg), raspberries (4 kg)
  • Weeding, composting and general gardening.
Photo 2: First Sweet Pepper (15/8/24)

Flora & Fauna (seen in the garden)
  • 2 x Blackbirds
  • 2 x Blue Tits
  • 2 x Collared Doves
  • 3 x Crows
  • 5 x House Martins
  • 20 x House Sparrows
Video 2: House Sparrows on Bird Feeder (slo-mo)
  • 1 x Magpie
  • 20 x Starlings
Video 3: Starlings Mobbing the Bird Feeder
Photo 3: Wood Pigeon Young on the Nest
  • 1 x Brimstone Butterfly
  • 2 x Large White Butterflies
  • 7 x Small White Butterflies
  • 1 x Gatekeeper Butterfly
Photo 4: Gatekeeper Butterfly on Oxeye Daisy(?)

Photo 5: Field Mouse (aka Wood Mouse) in the Garden

And finally some photos from the Garden ...

Photo 6: Water Lily, sunken pond (2/8/24)

Photo 7: Rowanberries (9/8/24)

Photo 8: Looking Down the Secret Garden (9/8/24)

Photo 9: Clematis on the Shed/Summer house (28/8/24)

Photo 10: Paradise Garden (28/8/24)

Photo 11: Up the Garden Path

Photo 12: Primula viallii

Photo 13: Common Green Bottle Fly on Dahlia

Photo 14: Echinops

Photo 15: Cyclamen

Photo 16: Roses (9/8/24)
























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