Hottest Summer Ever in Hereford?

When its a bit warm, lets enjoy it - Richard Tice, Deputy Leader, Reform

This was the tone-deaf response by a senior political figure in the UK. He followed up with an old meme popular with climate change deniers from decades ago: "Climate change has always happened. It always will".

Nobody denies that the climate is in a constant flux albeit the changes occur over very long geological time periods. Rapid climate change is generally associated with mass extinctions. We are currently undergoing rapid climate change after a long period of stability during which humankind flourished (Figure 1). We humans have never before experienced such rapid changes in climate - will it mark the extinction of the human race?

Figure 1: Global Temperatures over the Past 2000 Years (h/t Wikipedia)

Probably not and in any case AI may get there first! For millionaires such as Richard Tice, adaptation (e.g. installing air conditioning, the ability to decamp to cooler parts of the world when it gets hot) is easy. Not so easy for the hoi polloi and impossible for third world countries unless they are allowed to emigrate to cooler climes. But then Reform (Tice's political party) is opposed to all immigration.

Another quote from the same Richard Tice speech: "Maybe the smarter thing to do is to adapt to it than think arrogantly that you can stop it". Firstly, most people will not be able to adapt (unaffordable and/or impractical) and, second, we do know how to stop it by achieving net zero as soon as possible. Oligarchs and their ilk have no empathy with 'common people' on which much of their wealth is based. Hence, no mention by Mr Tice of the nearly 3000 heat-related deaths during May-June 2026 heatwaves.

So why are these millionaires and billionaires against net zero? Ultimately, it is all down to money; and, especially their own money for which they never seem to have enough. While Mr Tice's money is predominantly from property, most of the donations to the Reform Party comes from fossil fuel interests; along with the recent boost from cryptocurrencies. 

Video 1: Fossil Fuel Industry is Taking Over UK Political Parties

In the past, businesses (e.g. tobacco, fossil fuels) like to hide behind shadowy organisations such as The Heartland Institute and the Global Warming Policy Foundation. Merchants of Doubt by Naomi Oreskes & Erik Conway describes the underhand tactics used by the tobacco and oil/coal industries to delay action in order to maximise profits.

A lot of people in the UK have been asking how this summer compares with the legendary UK summer of 1976. As you might expect, those who deny or want to minimise the impacts of an increasingly warmer climate, hark back to 1976 and claim we've seen it all before. It is important to note, however, that the summer of 1976 was an extraordinary outlier when UK summers were much cooler. [Americans can substitute the summer of 1936 as a similar outlier]. In contrast, the UK summer of 2026 is part of a warming trend.

Interesting point: the hot summer of 1936 in the USA was during the Dust Bowl period when soil moisture levels were extremely low. The ground and air will absorb more solar energy (and therefore heat up more) when soil moisture levels and air humidities are low (i.e. after prolonged drought). The hot UK summer of 1976 also occurred on the back of an 18-month period of dry weather.

So which summer was warmer? 1976 or 2026? According to the official Met Office data, it was 2026 by a comfortable margin. 2026 had the highest maximum temperature (38.1 ℃ compared to 35.9 ℃), the highest mean temperature (16.5 ℃ compared to 15.7 ℃), the highest average maximum temperature (21.3 ℃ compared to 21.0 ℃), and the highest average minimum temperature (11.7 ℃ compared to 10.5 ℃). Higher overnight temperatures disrupt sleep patterns; hence a 50% increase in the number of tropical nights (when overnight temperatures do not drop below 20 ℃) is not good news. 2026 also had 50% more days with temperatures over 30 ℃.

The summer of 1976 still holds the record for being the sunniest and for the longest consecutive period (16 days) where daily maxima was ≥ 30 ℃. See here for more detailed information.

So, how do the summers of 1976 and 2026 compare for Hereford. Mary and I were in Norwich during 1976 and we certainly remember the summer as hot, dry and sunny. I suspect weather conditions were similar in Hereford. What we can do is look at the last seven summers in Hereford as recorded by my back garden Davis Weather Station.

First of all, we consider the mean daily temperatures averaged over the months of June, July and August (JJA): see Figure 2. Remember that 2025 was the hottest year for the UK, Central England (CET) and Hereford. The summer of 2026 has smashed the record for Hereford by 1.3 ℃. This year is also on schedule to be the hottest year ever in the UK, beating the record set only last year.

Figure 2: Summer (JJA) Mean Daily Temperature for Hereford City (2020 to 2026)

How about the number of heatwaves during the summer (JJA) months. In Figure 3, a heatwave is defined as a period of 3 or more consecutive days where the temperature was 26 ℃ or higher.  As Figure 3 shows, 2022 had more heatwaves than 2026 (joint second with 2025) but this data can be misleading.

Figure 3: Number of Summer (JJA) Heatwaves in Hereford (2020 - 2026)

Let's look at the number of high temperature days (i.e. where the temperature was ≥ 30 ℃) for the summer months (JJA) over the 2020 - 2026 period (Figure 4). Here we can see that the number of high temperature days in 2026 is almost double the next two hottest summers (2022, 2025 - see Figure 2).

Figure 4: High Temperatures Days During Summer (JJA) in Hereford (2020 - 2026)

In summary, I have no problems stating that this summer (2026) was the hottest ever recorded in Hereford. The garden has suffered and we have lost quite a few trees/shrubs and plants. In all likelihood, 2026 will set new temperature records for Hereford and the UK. As of the 16th September, the Central England Temperature (CET) is running 2.5 ℃ to 3.0 ℃ warmer than its 1961-1990 average. That is a very strong indicator of a planet that is overheating!

First Camping Trip of 2026 (Part 3) - Broadway and Showborough House Garden Sculpture Exhibition

 England is a very good land. I think of every land the best - Robert of Gloucester*

The final & concluding part of our late April camping trip to Winchcombe in the Cotswolds. See here and here for Parts 1 and 2. We packed up our camping gear after a good breakfast and started our journey home. It was about this time that I began to notice symptoms that would eventually be diagnosed as bladder cancer.  Nevertheless, we were determined to make the most of the journey home as we always do. 

First port of call was Broadway, an absolutely delightful Cotswold town about 5 miles from the campsite. Despite a population of around 3,500, Broadway is often referred to as a large village.

At the time of our visit the wisteria was still in full bloom (Photo 1). There are plenty of things to do in Broadway whether that is gently browsing the many shops, having morning coffee/afternoon tea, looking around the excellent Broadway Museum & Art Gallery or taking the short hike up to Broadway Tower.

Photo 1: Broadway, Cotswolds (30th April 2026)

Photo 2: Main Street, Broadway from across the Green (30th April 2026)

Before heading home, we called into Showborough House located just north of Tewkesbury. Since 2008, they have held an affordable Garden Art Exhibition where you can see and buy affordable (from tens of pounds upwards) garden sculptures. Set in a lovely rustic garden/woodland, tea and cakes are available. Some examples of the garden art available this year are shown below but this is a very small sample. We were fortunate to catch this event as this was the first day of the season (May to mid-June). The exhibition is now closed but look out for next year's opening times.

Photo 3: Garden Art, Showborough House (April 2026)

Photo 4: Garden Art, Showborough House (April 2026)

Photo 5: Garden Art, Showborough House (April 2026)

Photo 6: Garden Art, Showborough House (April 2026)

Photo 7: Garden Art, Showborough House (April 2026)

Photo 8: Garden Art, Showborough House (April 2026)

View from the Rear Window - May 2026

 Before you talk, listen. Before you react, think. Before you spend, earn - Ernest Hemingway

Everything in the garden was looking lovely during May as the weather was very conducive to luxuriant growth. The first 20 days or so had enough sunshine and rain for rapid growth and temperatures were reasonable with no overnight frosts. Everything changed two-thirds of the way through the month when the weather suddenly became much hotter, sunnier and drier. This month's garden photo was taken on the last day of May; plenty of luxuriant green growth, the first flush of roses and the purple-leaved elder in full bloom (Photo 1). May was also notable for the first heatwave of 2026 and the highest May temperature on record for the UK.

Photo 1: Garden View (31st May 2026)

Daily garden photos for May 2026 are collated in Video 1.

Video 1: Daily Photos of the Rear Garden - May 2026

Table 1 summarises some routine weather stats for our garden collected by our Davis Weather Station.  The mercury hit 35 ℃ on two consecutive days (25/26th); smashing the previous record (27 ℃) for our back garden in May!! We saw more hot May days (i.e. > 25 ℃) in 2020 but, again, nowhere near as hot as those in May 2026.

Table 1: Summary Weather Statistics for May 2026
Weather Parameter	Value	Dates
Average Monthly Temperature	15 oC
Maximum Monthly Temperature	35 oC	25th & 26th
Minimum Monthly Temperature	2 oC	12th
Number of Air Frost Days	0
Number of Hot Days (> 25 oC)	10
Monthly Precipitation	39.4 mm
Greatest 24 h Precipitation	15.2 mm	2nd - 3rd
Number of Dry Days	18
Monthly Sunshine Hours (estimated)	213
Highest Wind Speed	45 km/h	13th
Heating Degree Days	143.2
Cooling Degree Days	42.3

Daily minimum & maximum temperatures for May 2026 are shown in Figure 1 (click to see a larger image). No frosty nights and a big surge in temperatures during the final 10 days of the month. From the 22nd to 30th (9 days) the daily maximum was 26 ℃ or higher. Our first heatwave of 2026 and a long one at that.

Figure 1: Daily Min/Max Temperatures (May 2026)

Daily rainfall and solar radiation values - a proxy for sunshine hours - are shown in Figure 2 below (click to enlarge). We enjoyed pleasant springtime warmth & sunshine, with enough rain to negate the need for extra irrigation, for the first 20 days of the month. The final 10 days were brutally hot, sunny and dry during our first 2026 heatwave.

Figure 2: Daily Rainfall/Solar Radiation (May 2026)

With seven years of May weather data, we might just be able to see some indication of trends; although we probably need double this before we can confirm such trends. Normally, 30 years of data are required before one can identify climate trends. Unfortunately, we are changing the climate so rapidly nowadays that we will be able to see trends over much shorter time periods.

In Figure 3, I have graphed the last seven years of temperature data for the month of May. 2020 was an unusual year (start of COVID-19) in the UK. Reduced atmospheric pollution may have boosted local temperatures a little but the main effect was meteorological as the jet stream buckled and placed a persistent block of high pressure weather directly over the UK. Consequently, May 2020 had lots of clear blue skies (due, in part, to an absence of condensation trails as air traffic took a nosedive) and unusually high temperatures. [Note: an absence of condensation trails would have a cooling effect of global temperatures - see here for some basic details)

If we treat the May 2020 data a 'anomalous', then there seems to be an upward trend in mean daily temperatures and maximum daily temperatures. The trend is less visible in the average daily temperatures because the Davis Weather Station only reports average values to the nearest degree (when changes from year to year would be measured in tenths of a ℃). Somewhat disturbingly, the increases in maximum daily temperatures are on an upward trend.

Figure 3: Time Series (2020-2026) for May Temperature Data (Hereford City)

In Figure 4, there appears to be an overall decline in May rainfall levels, albeit with a good deal of scatter. No clear trend in sunshine levels.

Figure 4: Time Series for May Rain, Sun and Wind Data (2020-2026)

The next three figures are taken from the UK Met Office's monthly report for May 2026. May's mean temperature anomalies for the UK are shown in Figure 5. Apart from NW Scotland, average temperatures were 0.5 ℃ to 2.5 ℃ higher than the 1991-2020 reference period. This is hot!! Herefordshire fell within the higher bracket (1.5 ℃ to 2.5 ℃). Our nearby Met Office weather station at Credenhill, records a typical May average daily temperature at 12 ℃. The mean monthly temperature recorded by our garden weather station was 15 ℃; i.e. 3 ℃ higher than the long-term average in good agreement with Figure 5.

Figure 5: UK Mean Temperature Anomalies (May 2026)

As Figure 6 illustrates, with just a few exceptions, May rainfall was average or below average in May. Herefordshire, including Hereford City, experienced mainly below average rainfall. With reference to the nearby weather station at Credenhill, we would usually expect between 53-54 mm of rain in May. Hence the 39 mm of rain recorded by our garden weather station (Table 1) equates to about 70% of the expected value for May. In good agreement with Figure 6.

Figure 6: Relative UK Rainfall (May 2026)

Figure 7 shows that Herefordshire received only average sunshine levels in May. Table 1 recorded 213 sunshine hours this month, slightly above the average for the English Midlands (192 hours). Once again, in good agreement with the Met Office data.

Figure 7: Relative UK Sunshine Hours (May 2026)

Jobs in the Garden

• Mainly transplanting, potting on, etc of cucumbers, bell peppers, tomatoes, aubergines, celery, celeriac, French Beans,
• Sowing beet, parsnip, turnip
• Finish cutting down field beans for hot composting.
• Harvesting asparagus

Flora & Fauna in the Garden

• Blackbird (x2, M&F)
• Blue Tit (x1)
• Collared Dove (x3)
• Dunnock (x1)
• Great Tit (x1)
• House Sparrow (x6)
• Jackdaw (x1)
• Gulls (numerous overhead)
• Robin (x2, adult & young)
• Swift (x4, first seen 3rd May)
• Starling (x8)
• Wood Pigeon (x2)
• Wren (x1)

And finally, a few photos of the garden ...

Photo 2: A Corner of the Paradise Garden (1st May 2026)

Photo 3: The Secret Garden (1st May 2026)

Photo 4: Mountain Ash/Rowanberry in Bloom (1st May 2026)

Photo 5: Bog Garden with Flowering Pitcher Plant (12th May 2026)

Photo 6: Gladioli (21st May 2026)

Photo 7: Sweet Pea (21st May 2026)

Photo 8: Raised Bed Mixture (21st May 2026)

Photo 9: A Single Allium in the Red Acer Bed (21st May 2026)

Photo 10: Looking into the Secret Garden from the Kitchen Garden (30th May 2026)

Photo 11: Secret Garden (30th May 2026)

Half-Price Quadgrow Fertilizer - Update

 To forget how to dig the earth and tend to the soil is to forget ourselves - Mahatma Gandhi

In this post, I suggested the possibility of saving a few pounds on fertlizer costs (Nutrigold) by using a more dilute solution; i.e. half-strength soluble fertilizer solution. Part of the logic behind such a move is that with the Quadgrow system, the plants are grown in a medium (in my case, coir but other options are available) that will soak up and store nutrients not used immediately by the plants.

I added an update to my previous post, noting that while the aubergines, bell peppers and tomatoes were doing just fine on the 50% nutrient solution, the cucumbers appeared to be under some stress. By way of demonstration, here is an aubergine fruit picked yesterday (21/8/26) - Photo 1 - that weighed in at 666 grams. Typically, my home-grown aubergine fruits come in around the 200 - 350 g weight.

Photo 1: 666 g Aubergine (21/8/26) vs Satsuma!

The important question is whether the cucumbers have 'suffered' from a reduced nutrient regime. In past years, it has been normal for the cucumber plants to 'burn themselves out' early as each plant produces 40+ cucumbers. The summer of 2026 will probably be the hottest on record, comfortably beating the previous record in 2025! Temperatures in the polytunnel regularly exceeded 40 ℃ which puts added stress on the plants. Fortunately, the Quadgrow system maintains a constant and sufficient water supply to the plants which certainly helps. However, large-leaved plants such as cucumbers have greater rates of transpiration so tend to be stressed somewhat easier.

In Figures 1-3, I have plotted the daily mean, low and high humidities for the past three summers (June, July, August) in descending time order (i,e, 2026 - 2024). Highest humidities occur overnight as the temperature drops (often reaching amaximum around dawn) whereas lowest humidities are found during the late afternoon when temperatures are hottest.

Summer 2024 (Figure 3) was a 'normal' summer followed by a very hot summer (2025, Figure 2) and an even hotter summer (2026, Figure 1). It can be observed that the number of low humidity/high transpiration events (i.e. high plant stress situations) is greatest in 2026, followed by 2025 then 2024. Note that these humidity values were measured close to, but outside, the polytunnel. Low humidity extremes should be greater and more numerous in the polytunnel itself.

Figure 1: Mean, High & Low Daily Humidities (Summer 2026)

Figure 2: Mean, High & Low Daily Humidities (Summer 2025)

Figure 3: Mean, High & Low Daily Humidities (Summer 2024)

Consequently, in hindsight, this year was not the best time to start an experiment on reducing nutrient supply to the plants! Which is why I recommend a more prudent approach to reducing nutrient costs in the future; alternate between full and half doses to start with (25% cost savings) and, if everything goes well, reduce nutrient loading further.

Half-Price Quadgrow Fertilizer?

Everyone lives by selling something - Robert Louis Stevenson

I first wrote about the Quadgrow system, a product of Greenhouse Sensation, in June 2022 (see here & here). although I had been using this system since 2015. More recent blog posts on this topic can be seen here, here, here, here, here, here, here, and here. Even our miniature bog garden is housed in a Veg/Salad Planter although the current version of Greenhouse Sensation no longer produces this product.

Greenhouse Sensation also sell prepared nutrients (Nutrigold) for use in all their Self-Watering Planters. These come in two forms, A and B, each bag containing 250g nutrient mix. The contents of each bag are emptied into separate 2.5 L bottles and filled up with water. I use warm water to encourage dissolution.

Photo 1: Nutrigold A (250g Bag)

Photo 2: Nutrigold B (250g Bag)

6 ml of each solution (add B after A) is added to one litre of water for the final dilution that is a used to fill up the self-watering planters. I normally add 60 ml of A & B to a 10L watering can and fill up with tap water.

After many years using the recommended nutrient concentration, I decided to see if lower concentrations could be used as this would save money. At the time of writing (August 2026), a pack of both nutrients costs about £12.

This year I am trying a 50% dilution of the recommended nutrient concentrations; i.e. 30 ml from each bottle made up to 10L in a watering can. In Photo 3, you can see my two 60 ml plastic syringes being used to extract 30 ml from each concentrate (A & B).

Photo 3: Prepared Nutrients A & B (concentrate) with Measuring Syringes

So far the results have been good especially considering the very hot summer we are having. The cucumbers (Photo 4) have been very productive (about 40 cukes per plant) as have the late-planted tomatoes (Photo 4, now harvesting). Bell (or Sweet) Peppers have also grown well (Photo 5), flowered profusely and we have been eating the fruits of our labour for about a month now. The aubergines (Photo 6) are floriferous though we haven't had any produce off them yet.

Photo 4: Cucumber and Tomato in Quadgrows (August 6th 2026)

Photo 5: Bell Peppers in Veg Planters (August 6th 2026)

Photo 6: Aubergines in Veg Planters (August 6th 2026)

Cautionary note: I have just spent 3 days in hospital having a bladder tumour removed and no one has been looking after my polytunnel. Everything has survived well (thanks to the self-watering planters) but the cucumbers are suddenly looking a bit tired. This may be simply that they are coming to the end of their productive life after the hottest summer in UK history. It could mean they are not getting enough nutrients to maintain their large structure; cucumbers are much bigger plants then tomatoes, peppers and aubergines and require copious volumes of water and, possibly, nutrients.

I need to keep an eye on the cucumbers but the tomatoes, peppers and aubergines seem to be doing just fine.

So there you have it. If you can get away with half the concentration of fertilizer/nutrient, then  you will save 50% of the costs.